Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. What is federalism? In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Payment Details. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Adobe d C The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. /Subtype /Image 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. 1. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. /Font << This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. Pls visit us again dear reader. /Length 14727 Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. ff>qsfN? We appreciate you. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. 7 Topics . It also decided that the Public . I love this article,very educating and interesting This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. << Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. Your email address will not be published. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. >> The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. /Filter /FlateDecode The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. He rejects the assertion that Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. /F2 9 0 R Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. 3. Your email address will not be published. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. 3. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation.

Local 420 Carpenters Union, Ratp Dev Self Service, Scottie Scheffler Family, Articles R